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| Product Name | Phospho-Tau (T231) Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody |
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| Antibody Type | Primary Antibodies |
| Immunogen | Synthetic phospho-peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr231 of human Tau-F (P10636-8). |
| Modification | p-T231 |
| Modification Notes | Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T-P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK1, CDK1, CDK5, GSK3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in the form associated with paired helical filaments (PHF-tau)), and at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1, MARK2, MARK3 or MARK4), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly. Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within tau/MAP's repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to reduce tau/MAP's interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components. Phosphorylation on Ser-610, Ser-622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis. Phosphorylation at Ser-548 by GSK3B reduces ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation at Ser-579 by BRSK1 and BRSK2 in neurons affects ability to bind microtubules and plays a role in neuron polarization. Phosphorylated at Ser-554, Ser-579, Ser-602, Ser-606 and Ser-669 by PHK. Phosphorylation at Ser-214 by SGK1 mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. There is a reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces glycosylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. Phosphorylation on Ser-721 is reduced by about 41.5% by GlcNAcylation on Ser-717. Dephosphorylated at several serine and threonine residues by the serine/threonine phosphatase PPP5C.; Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination is the major form, 'Lys-6'-linked and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination also occur.; O-glycosylated. O-GlcNAcylation content is around 8.2%. There is reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces O-GlcNAcylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. O-GlcNAcylation on Ser-717 decreases the phosphorylation on Ser-721 by about 41.5%.; Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain TAU/MAPT. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD. |
| Clonality | Monoclonal |
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| Isotype | IgG |
| Host Species | Rabbit |
| Tested Applications | IF-FIF-PIHCWB |
| WB:1:2000 IHC:1:1000 IF-F:1:100 IF-P:1:200 | |
| Species Reactivity | HumanMouseRat |
| Concentration | 1mg/ml |
| Purification | Protein A |
| Gene Symbol | MAPT |
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| Gene Synonyms | TAU FTD1 MSTD PPND DDPAC MAPTL MTBT1 MTBT2 tau-40 FTDP-17 PPP1R103 Tau-PHF6 |
| Gene Full Name | microtubule associated protein tau |
| Gene Summary | This gene encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) whose transcript undergoes complex, regulated alternative splicing, giving rise to several mRNA species. MAPT transcripts are differentially expressed in the nervous system, depending on stage of neuronal maturation and neuron type. MAPT gene mutations have been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, frontotemporal dementia, cortico-basal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| Alternative Names | AI413597 antibody AW045860 antibody DDPAC antibody FLJ31424 antibody FTDP 17 antibody G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit interacting factor 1 antibody MAPT antibody MAPTL antibody MGC134287 antibody MGC138549 antibody AI413597 antibody AW045860 antibody DDPAC antibody FLJ31424 antibody FTDP 17 antibody G protein beta1/gamma2 subunit interacting factor 1 antibody MAPT antibody MAPTL antibody MGC134287 antibody MGC138549 antibody MGC156663 antibody Microtubule associated protein tau antibody Microtubule associated protein tau isoform 4 antibody Microtubule-associated protein tau antibody MSTD antibody Mtapt antibody MTBT1 antibody MTBT2 antibody Neurofibrillary tangle protein antibody Paired helical filament tau antibody Paired helical filament-tau antibody PHF tau antibody PHF-tau antibody PPND antibody PPP1R103 antibody Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 103 antibody pTau antibody RNPTAU antibody TAU antibody TAU_HUMAN antibody Tauopathy and respiratory failure included antibody |
| Molecular Weight(MW) | 46kDa(Observed band size: 35-70kDa) |
| Cellular Localization | Secreted, cytoskeleton, cell membrane, cytosol, axon, dendrite. |
WB
Western blot analysis of Phospho-Tau (T231) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-Tau (T231) antibody at 1/2,000 dilution. Lane 1: Human brain tissue lysate, Lane 2: Mouse brain tissue lysate, Lane 3: Rat brain tissue lysate, Lane 4: Mouse brain treated with λpp for 1 hour tissue lysate. Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane. Exposure time: 3 minutes; 4-20% SDS-PAGE gel. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
IHC
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human brain tissue with Rabbit anti-Phospho-Tau (T231) antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 1% BSA for 20 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
IF-F
Immunofluorescence analysis of frozen mouse hippocampus tissue labeling Phospho-Tau (T231) with Rabbit anti-Phospho-Tau (T231) antibody. The tissues were blocked in 3% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (green) at 1/100 dilution overnight at 4℃, washed with PBS. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/200 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Image acquisition was performed with KFBIO KF-FL-400 Scanner.
IF-P
Immunofluorescence analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue labeling Phospho-Tau (T231) with Rabbit anti-Phospho-Tau (T231) antibody at 1/200 dilution. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (green) at 1/200 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).| Application Notes | WB:1:2000 IHC:1:1000 IF-F:1:100 IF-P:1:200 |
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| Form | Liquid |
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| Storage Instructions | Store at +4℃ after thawing. Aliquot store at -20℃ or -80℃. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles. |
| Storage Buffer | 1*TBS (pH7.4), 0.05% BSA, 40% Glycerol. Preservative: 0.05% Sodium Azide. |
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